Income Tax Filing in Victoria
Reviewed by the Commoner Law Editorial Team. Sourced from Commonwealth Acts of Parliament, federal regulations, and official government guidance. State-level information reflects each state's own Acts and court decisions. Written in plain language for general understanding — this is educational content, not legal advice. Our editorial standards
What is this right?
Every Australian resident who earns income must lodge an income tax return with the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) each financial year (1 July to 30 June). The rules come from the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997).
Australia uses a progressive tax system. The first $18,200 you earn is tax-free. After that, rates increase in brackets: 16% on income from $18,201 to $45,000, 30% from $45,001 to $135,000, 37% from $135,001 to $190,000, and 45% above $190,000 (rates effective from 1 July 2024). A 2% Medicare levy also applies to most taxpayers.
If you lodge your own return, the deadline is 31 October after the end of the financial year. If you use a registered tax agent, you may get an extension, often until 15 May the following year. Late lodgement can result in a Failure to Lodge (FTL) penalty of up to $1,565 per 28-day period.
Most employers report your income directly to the ATO through Single Touch Payroll (STP), so your income statement is pre-filled in myTax.
When does it apply?
This applies to all Australian residents for tax purposes who earn above the tax-free threshold.
- You must lodge a return if your taxable income exceeds $18,200, or if you had tax withheld from payments and want a refund.
- Foreign residents are taxed from the first dollar with no tax-free threshold.
- Even if your income is below $18,200, you may need to lodge to claim a refund of withheld tax.
What to Do If You Are Late or Behind on Filing Your Australian Tax Return
- Lodge on time — by 31 October if self-lodging, or register with a tax agent before that date for an extension.
- Use myTax through your myGov account — most income and deduction information is pre-filled.
- Check your income statement is marked as 'Tax ready' before lodging.
- Keep records for 5 years from the date you lodge your return.
- Claim the tax-free threshold on your TFN declaration with your main employer.
- Report all income — wages, interest, dividends, rental income, and gig economy earnings.
What should you NOT do?
- Don't ignore lodgement deadlines — the ATO charges FTL penalties and may issue a default assessment.
- Don't leave out income — the ATO receives data from banks, employers, and share registries and will detect omissions.
- Don't claim the tax-free threshold with multiple employers — you can only claim it once. Doing so may result in a tax debt at year-end.
- Don't wait for your tax agent to contact you — make sure you are registered with them before 31 October.
How Victoria differs from federal law
There is no state income tax in Victoria — all personal income tax is federal. However, Victoria levies state taxes that affect individuals and businesses differently from other states.
- Victoria does not impose a state income tax. All personal and company income tax is assessed by the Australian Taxation Office.
- Victorian employers pay payroll tax on wages above a threshold (currently $900,000 annually — lower than NSW's $1.2 million threshold), making Victorian payroll tax more broadly applied. The rate is 4.85% (5.85% for large businesses with payroll over $10 million, introduced as a COVID debt levy).
- Victoria's land tax applies to the total taxable value of all land you own in Victoria (excluding your principal place of residence). Rates are progressive and administered by the State Revenue Office (SRO).
- Victoria also has the Windfall Gains Tax (from 1 July 2023), which applies to land that benefits from a government rezoning that increases its value by more than $100,000.
Additional Steps in Victoria
File your income tax return through myGov linked to the ATO. For Victorian state tax queries, contact the State Revenue Office (sro.vic.gov.au or 13 21 61).
Relevant Law: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth); Payroll Tax Act 2007 (Vic); Land Tax Act 2005 (Vic); Windfall Gains Tax Act 2021 (Vic)
Common Questions
When does income tax filing apply?
This applies to all Australian residents for tax purposes who earn above the tax-free threshold.You must lodge a return if your taxable income exceeds $18,200, or if you had tax withheld from payments and want a refund.Foreign residents are taxed from the first dollar with no tax-free threshold.Even if your income is below $18,200, you may need to lodge to claim a refund of withheld tax.
What should I do if I have missed the deadline for lodging my tax return in Australia?
Lodge on time — by 31 October if self-lodging, or register with a tax agent before that date for an extension.Use myTax through your myGov account — most income and deduction information is pre-filled.Check your income statement is marked as 'Tax ready' before lodging.Keep records for 5 years from the date you lodge your return.Claim the tax-free threshold on your TFN declaration with your main employer.Report all income — wages, interest, dividends, rental income, and gig economy earnings.
What mistakes should I avoid with income tax filing?
Don't ignore lodgement deadlines — the ATO charges FTL penalties and may issue a default assessment.Don't leave out income — the ATO receives data from banks, employers, and share registries and will detect omissions.Don't claim the tax-free threshold with multiple employers — you can only claim it once. Doing so may result in a tax debt at year-end.Don't wait for your tax agent to contact you — make sure you are registered with them before 31 October.
Income Tax Filing in other states
Same topic, different jurisdiction. Pick the one that applies to you.