UK Unpaid Wages and Holiday Pay Demand Letter (ERA 1996 s.13)
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Your Situation
Tell us what you are owed, when you should have been paid, and whether you are still working there.
This letter will cite
Employment Rights Act 1996 s.13 + Deduction from Wages (Limitation) Regulations 2014 + NMWA 1998 s.17 + WTR 1998 regs.13-14
Your letter will invoke the right to wages without unauthorised deductions, the 3-months-less-1-day Employment Tribunal clock, the 2-year ET back-pay backstop, the series-of-deductions rule from Agnew [2023] UKSC 33, and (where applicable) the parallel HMRC route for National Minimum Wage arrears.
Northern Ireland uses the Labour Relations Agency (LRA), not Acas. The 12-week SI 2025/1153 conciliation period does NOT apply in NI.
This is the date the 3-months-less-1-day Employment Tribunal clock started — or, if the deductions form a series, the date of the earliest deduction in the series.
Best estimate. The Employment Tribunal can order full back-pay up to a 2-year cap (Deduction from Wages (Limitation) Regulations 2014). Civil courts allow 6 years (5 in Scotland) but are slower and more expensive.
ERA 1996 s.230 defines 'worker' broadly — it includes most casual, zero-hours, and dependent contractors. If status is disputed, the letter will reserve your rights under s.230.