FBR Notices and Audit in Pakistan (2026 Legal Guide) — Rules & Requirements
About this article
Reviewed by the Commoner Law editorial team. Sources: pakistancode.gov.pk, Punjab/Sindh/KP/Balochistan provincial codes, Supreme Court of Pakistan, FBR, EOBI, SBP, NEPRA, OGRA, PMDC, FIA, and provincial Healthcare Commissions. Provincial variations cite Punjab/Sindh/KP/Balochistan Acts and ICT-specific ordinances. Written in plain English with everyday Urdu legal terms (FIR, qabza, khula, NTN, CNIC) for a general audience — this is educational content, not legal advice. Our editorial standards
What is this right?
FBR has digitised most enforcement actions. Notices land in the IRIS taxpayer inbox; some are also emailed and SMSed. The most common categories:
- Section 114 notice: for filing a return where one wasn't filed. 30 days to respond.
- Section 122 amendment notice: FBR proposes to amend a previously filed return based on new information. Reply window typically 14–30 days.
- Section 176 notice: call for information (bank statements, supplier list, employee details). Often a precursor to audit.
- Section 177 audit selection: risk-based or random audit. Triggers a full document call. The Commissioner has 6 months to complete.
- Section 161 notice: withholding agent failure, usually employers who didn't deposit deducted tax.
Ignoring any of these triggers best-judgment assessment under § 121. FBR raises a demand based on its own estimate, with limited rights of appeal. Always respond, even if just to seek extension.
The audit process: Commissioner issues information call, taxpayer responds with documents, Commissioner records audit findings, taxpayer is heard, an order is passed. Standard timeframe 90–180 days. Order can be appealed to the Commissioner Appeals within 30 days, then Appellate Tribunal Inland Revenue (ATIR) within 60 days, then High Court on questions of law.
When does it apply?
- You've received any FBR notice through IRIS, email, or post.
- Your case has been selected for audit (random ballot or risk-based).
- An order has been passed against you and you want to appeal.
What to do when FBR sends a notice
- Read the notice carefully. Note the section, deadline, and the specific information sought. Most notices have a strict timeline.
- Respond on time. If you need more time, file a written extension request — FBR usually grants 7–14 days for genuine reasons.
- For audit selection, prepare a complete file: returns, computations, bank statements, supplier list, contracts, payroll. Engage a CA early.
- Attend hearings. If unable to attend in person, file a written reply. Skipping leads to ex parte assessment.
- For an adverse order, file appeal to Commissioner Appeals within 30 days. Pay 10% of demand (or get a stay) to avoid recovery during appeal.
What should you NOT do?
- Don't ignore notices hoping they go away. Best-judgment assessments are aggressive and harder to reverse than to prevent.
- Don't pay illegal demands "to settle" outside the appeal system. Use the formal appeal route — the Commissioner Appeals and Tribunal regularly reverse high-handed assessments.
- Don't engage with FBR-officer touts. Many tax disputes are quietly inflated by middlemen. Engage a registered CA or tax consultant.
About Tax Rights in Pakistan
Tax in Pakistan is administered federally by the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001 and the Sales Tax Act 1990. After the 18th Amendment, sales tax on services moved to the provinces: Punjab Revenue Authority (PRA), Sindh Revenue Board (SRB), KP Revenue Authority (KPRA), and Balochistan Revenue Authority (BRA). The federal sales tax on goods stayed with FBR.
The most consequential thing the average taxpayer needs to understand is filer vs non-filer status. Almost every transaction (buying property, selling a car, opening a bank account, withdrawing cash above a threshold) is now taxed differently for filers and non-filers. Becoming a filer, even with zero income, is the simplest tax saving in Pakistan.
Frequently asked questions
How much time do I have to respond?
Depends on the section: 14 days for some, 30 for others, sometimes shorter. Read the notice. If genuinely unable, file a written extension request through IRIS — FBR usually grants 7–14 days for valid reasons.
Can I appeal an unfavourable order?
Yes. First appeal lies to the Commissioner (Appeals) within 30 days; second appeal to the Appellate Tribunal Inland Revenue (ATIR) within 60 days; reference to the High Court on questions of law.
What if I never received the notice?
If the notice was issued through IRIS and you didn't check, the assessment can still proceed. Section 218 deems IRIS service valid. Check IRIS monthly even if you've already filed.
What is the fbr notices, audit, and best-judgment assessment right in Pakistan?
FBR has digitised most enforcement actions. Notices land in the IRIS taxpayer inbox; some are also emailed and SMSed. The most common categories:Section 114 notice: for filing a return where one wasn't filed. 30 days to respond.Section 122 amendment notice: FBR proposes to amend a previously filed return based on new information. Reply window typically 14–30 days.Section 176 notice: call for information (bank statements, supplier list, employee details). Often a precursor to audit.Section 177 audit selection: risk-based or random audit. Triggers a full document call. The Commissioner has 6...
When does fbr notices, audit, and best-judgment assessment apply?
You've received any FBR notice through IRIS, email, or post.Your case has been selected for audit (random ballot or risk-based).An order has been passed against you and you want to appeal.
FBR has issued me a notice — what should I do in Pakistan?
Read the notice carefully. Note the section, deadline, and the specific information sought. Most notices have a strict timeline.Respond on time. If you need more time, file a written extension request — FBR usually grants 7–14 days for genuine reasons.For audit selection, prepare a complete file: returns, computations, bank statements, supplier list, contracts, payroll. Engage a CA early.Attend hearings. If unable to attend in person, file a written reply. Skipping leads to ex parte assessment.For an adverse order, file appeal to Commissioner Appeals within 30 days. Pay 10% of demand (or get...
What mistakes should I avoid with fbr notices, audit, and best-judgment assessment?
Don't ignore notices hoping they go away. Best-judgment assessments are aggressive and harder to reverse than to prevent.Don't pay illegal demands "to settle" outside the appeal system. Use the formal appeal route — the Commissioner Appeals and Tribunal regularly reverse high-handed assessments.Don't engage with FBR-officer touts. Many tax disputes are quietly inflated by middlemen. Engage a registered CA or tax consultant.