Patient Consent and Medical Records
Written in plain language for general understanding. This is educational content, not legal advice. Based on Bahraini national legislation, decree-laws, and ministerial orders.
Bahraini National Law
What is this right?
Patients in Bahrain have fundamental rights regarding informed consent and access to medical records:
- Informed consent: Before any medical procedure, the healthcare provider must explain the diagnosis, proposed treatment, risks, alternatives, and expected outcomes in a language you understand. You must give voluntary consent.
- Right to refuse: You have the right to refuse treatment, except in emergencies where you are unable to consent and delay would endanger your life.
- Medical records access: You have the right to access your medical records and obtain copies. Hospitals cannot unreasonably withhold your records.
- Confidentiality: Your medical information is confidential. Healthcare providers cannot share it with third parties without your consent, except as required by law (infectious disease reporting, court orders).
- Second opinion: You have the right to seek a second medical opinion from another doctor or facility.
When does it apply?
- You are about to undergo surgery or a medical procedure and want to understand the risks.
- You want to access or transfer your medical records to another provider.
- You believe your medical information was shared without your consent.
What should you do?
- Ask questions about any proposed treatment — your doctor must explain it clearly.
- Request consent forms in a language you understand before signing.
- Submit a written request to the hospital or clinic to obtain copies of your medical records.
- If your records are withheld or your confidentiality is breached, file a complaint with the NHRA.
What should you NOT do?
- Do not sign consent forms you do not understand — ask for translation or clarification.
- Do not assume consent is permanent — you can withdraw consent at any time before the procedure.
- Do not share your medical records with third parties unless you choose to — they are your private information.
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