Security Deposit Laws by State (2026)

Researched by Ahmed R. J. Alsaedi, Founder & Head Researcher

Primary sources cited; not legal advice.

Source: Security deposit laws are primarily state-level. No single federal statute governs security deposits for private rentals. Federal protections apply only in federally-subsidized housing (HUD regulations, 24 CFR Part 5).

About this article

Sourced from primary statutes (U.S. Code, CFR, state compiled statutes) and official government agency guidance. Written in plain language for general understanding — this is educational content, not legal advice. Our editorial standards

Compare by state

Statute citations are verified per state. Select a state to jump to its full section below.

Security-deposit statute and headline rule for each U.S. state and the District of Columbia.
	Primary statute	Deposit rules
Alabama	Ala. Code § 35-9A-201 — Security Deposits	See details
Alaska	Alaska Security Deposits — Alaska Stat. § 34.03.070	See details
Arizona	A.R.S. § 33-1321	See details
Arkansas	Arkansas Security Deposit Return, Ark. Code § 18-16-305	See details
California	Cal. Civ. Code § 1950.5	1-month cap, 21-day return, receipts required for any deduction over $125, and up to 2× statutory damages for bad-faith retention — plus AB 2801 photo documentation after April 1, 2025.
Colorado	C.R.S. § 38-12-103	See details
Connecticut	CGS § 47a-21 — Security deposit rules	See details
Delaware	Delaware Security Deposit Law, 25 Del. C. § 5514	See details
District of Columbia	D.C. Security Deposit Requirements, D.C. Code § 42-3502.17	See details
Florida	Fla. Stat. § 83.49	Florida forfeits the landlord's entire claim if they miss the 30-day certified-mail notice — and § 83.49(3)(c) pays your attorney's fees if you win.
Georgia	OCGA § 44-7-35	See details
Hawaii	Hawaii Security Deposit Rules — HRS § 521-44	See details
Idaho	Idaho Code § 6-321 — security deposit return (21–30 days) and itemization	See details
Illinois	Chicago Municipal Code § 5-12-080(f) (Chicago); 765 ILCS 710/1 (statewide)	Chicago RLTO § 5-12-080(f) is <em>strict liability</em> — 2× deposit + interest + attorney's fees with no bad-faith requirement. Statewide 765 ILCS 710 requires proof of refusal or bad faith. Your letter should plead both.
Indiana	Indiana Code § 32-31-3-12 — security deposit return within 45 days	See details
Iowa	Iowa Code § 562A.12 — Security Deposits	See details
Kansas	K.S.A. § 58-2550 — Security Deposits (30-Day Return)	See details
Kentucky	KRS § 383.580 — Security Deposits	See details
Louisiana	Louisiana Security Deposit Law, La. R.S. § 9:3251 et seq.	See details
Maine	14 M.R.S.A. § 6031 et seq. — security deposit requirements	See details
Maryland	Maryland Security Deposit Law, MD Code, Real Property § 8-203	See details
Massachusetts	Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 186, § 15B	Massachusetts requires deposit return within 30 days — violations trigger triple damages plus interest and attorney fees, one of the strictest deposit laws in the country.
Michigan	MCL § 554.613 (Security Deposit Act — 45-day suit deadline + double damages)	Michigan gives landlords 30 days to send an itemized list and 45 days to sue — miss either and you recover double the amount retained under MCL § 554.613(2).
Minnesota	Minn. Stat. § 504B.178	See details
Mississippi	Miss. Code Ann. § 89-8-21 — security deposit return requirements	See details
Missouri	Missouri Security Deposit Requirements and Remedies, RSMo § 535.300	See details
Montana	Mont. Code Ann. § 70-25-202 — security deposit return (30 days / 10 days if no deductions)	See details
Nebraska	Neb. Rev. Stat. § 76-1416 — Security Deposit Limits and Return (14 Days)	See details
Nevada	NRS 118A.242 — Security Deposits	See details
New Hampshire	RSA 540-A:6 — NH security deposit limits (1 month's rent or $100)	See details
New Jersey	N.J.S.A. 46:8-21.1	New Jersey requires return within 30 days and mandatory double damages plus attorney fees — courts have no discretion to reduce the penalty.
New Mexico	NMSA § 47-8-18 — security deposit rules (1-month cap, 30-day return)	See details
New York	N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 7-108(1-a)	New York forfeits the entire deposit to the tenant under GOL § 7-108(1-a)(g) if the landlord misses the 14-day return + itemized statement — and RPL § 234 shifts attorney's fees.
North Carolina	N.C. Gen. Stat. § 42-52	North Carolina's Tenant Security Deposit Act caps deposits at 1.5–2 months' rent and forces full forfeiture of the landlord's claim if they miss the 30-day itemization deadline.
North Dakota	N.D. Cent. Code § 47-16-07.1 — Security Deposits	See details
Ohio	Ohio Rev. Code § 5321.16	Ohio's deposit statute requires a <em>written</em> forwarding address as a condition precedent — deliver it by certified mail the day keys return, or you forfeit the double-damages-plus-fees remedy.
Oklahoma	Oklahoma Security Deposits, 41 Okl. St. § 115	See details
Oregon	ORS § 90.300	See details
Pennsylvania	68 P.S. § 250.512	Pennsylvania doubles only the wrongfully withheld portion — and <em>only</em> if you gave your landlord a written forwarding address at move-out. Your letter must lock that proof in first.
Rhode Island	R.I. Gen. Laws § 34-18-19 — security deposit rules and return requirements	See details
South Carolina	S.C. Code § 27-40-410 — Security Deposits	See details
South Dakota	SDCL § 43-32-6.1 — Security Deposits	See details
Tennessee	TCA § 66-28-301 — Security Deposit Requirements	See details
Texas	Tex. Prop. Code § 92.103	Texas requires deposit return within 30 days of forwarding-address delivery — bad-faith withholding triggers $100 + 3× the wrongfully withheld amount + attorney fees, plus total forfeiture under § 92.109(b) if no itemized list is sent.
Utah	Utah Security Deposit Requirements — Utah Code § 57-17-3	See details
Vermont	9 V.S.A. § 4461 — Vermont security deposit requirements and return	See details
Virginia	Va. Code § 55.1-1226(A) (45-day return + written itemization)	Virginia gives landlords 45 days to return the deposit with a written itemization (Va. Code § 55.1-1226(A)) — a bare check without itemization is statutorily defective.
Washington	RCW 59.18.280	Washington requires deposit return within 21 days with itemized deductions — missing the deadline lets tenants recover up to 2× the deposit plus attorney fees.
West Virginia	W. Va. Code § 37-6A-1 et seq. — Security deposit requirements	See details
Wisconsin	Wis. Stat. § 704.28 — Security Deposit Return	See details
Wyoming	Wyo. Stat. § 34-2-129 — security deposit return (30 days) and itemization	See details

My landlord won't return my deposit?See the focused guide →

Federal Law

What is this right?

Security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. law is one of the few places where tenants almost always have the upper hand — if they know the rules. When you move out, your landlord has to return your deposit within a specific window set by state law (typically 14 to 30 days), and they can only deduct for unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear and tear, or cleaning costs specifically allowed by your lease.

The phrase "normal wear and tear" is the entire game. Scuffed floors, faded paint, light carpet wear, small nail holes — that's wear and tear, and your landlord can't bill you for it. Pet stains, holes in drywall, broken tiles, and burn marks are damage, and those they can deduct. Most states require an itemized list of every deduction along with receipts; if your landlord skips the list or misses the deadline, many states impose 2× or 3× the deposit as a penalty even for legitimate damage.

When does it apply?

This right applies when:

You paid a security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. at the start of your tenancy
You are moving out (whether your lease ended, you gave notice, or you were evicted)
Your landlord deducts money from your deposit or refuses to return it

Common misconceptions:

"My landlord can keep the deposit for any reason" — No. Deductions must be for specific, documented damages beyond normal wear and tear.
"Normal wear and tear means the place should look new" — No. Landlords cannot charge for gradual deterioration from normal use: paint fading, carpet wearing down, minor scuffs.
"I can use my security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. as last month's rent" — Not unless your lease specifically allows it. Withholding rent and claiming "use my deposit" can lead to eviction for nonpayment.

What to Do If Your Landlord Won't Return Your Deposit

Step 1: Photograph everything before you leave. Every room, every wall, every appliance, time-stamped. Video walkthroughs are even better. This is the single most valuable evidence in any deposit dispute.

Step 2: Do a joint walkthrough if you can. Many states give you the right to be present at move-out inspection. Get the landlord to sign off on the condition or write down any disputes in real time.

Step 3: Provide a forwarding address in writing. The clock for return only starts when the landlord knows where to send the deposit. No address, no statutory deadline running.

Step 4: Send a demand letterA written request that someone do something — pay a debt, stop a behavior, return property — before you file a lawsuit. Many courts and statutes effectively require one as a first step, and sending one often resolves the dispute without litigation. by certified mail. Cite your state's deadline, the amount owed, and the penalty available if they don't return it. A surprising number of landlords cut a check at this stage to avoid the 2–3× exposure.

Step 5: File in small claims. Filing fees are usually under $100 and you don't need a lawyer. Many states let you recover 2–3× the deposit amount plus court costs and attorney fees if you have one.

What should you NOT do?

Don't leave without documenting. Without move-out photos, it's your word against the landlord's — and judges have heard a lot of those cases.

Don't skip the demand letterA written request that someone do something — pay a debt, stop a behavior, return property — before you file a lawsuit. Many courts and statutes effectively require one as a first step, and sending one often resolves the dispute without litigation.. Courts want to see you tried to resolve it first. The certified-mail receipt also locks in the date the landlord was put on notice.

Don't sit on the claim. Statutes of limitations for deposit suits run 2–6 years depending on state. The longer you wait, the harder the evidence is to find.

Don't cash a partial refund check without writing "under protest" on it. Some states treat a partial check as accord and satisfaction — meaning you've accepted it as full payment. Note in writing that you're still disputing the rest.

State Law

Choose your state

Worked example

ScenarioYou move out of a California apartment and leave, say, a $2,000 security deposit. Your landlord makes no deductions but, 23 days later, still hasn't returned the money or sent an itemized statement.
OutcomeCalifornia Civil Code §1950.5(g) requires the landlord to return the deposit and itemize any deductions within 21 calendar days of move-out. The landlord has missed that deadline, and a bad-faith failure to return the deposit can expose them to the deposit amount plus up to twice the deposit in statutory damages.
Legal values (21-calendar-day window, up to 2× statutory damages) are from Cal. Civ. Code §1950.5(g). The $2,000 figure is an illustrative deposit amount, not a legal limit — see the California section for full detail.

You shouldn't have to hire a lawyer to assert your rights.

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Security Deposit$19 Deposit Final Notice$19 Rent Increase Objection$19 Lease Violation Dispute$19

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Common Questions

How long does my landlord have to return my security deposit?

It depends on your state. Most states give the landlord roughly 14 to 30 days after you move out to return the deposit and provide an itemized list of any deductions. A few allow up to 45 or 60 days. Check your state's section above for its exact deadline and governing statute.

What can my landlord deduct from my security deposit?

Landlords can generally deduct unpaid rent and the cost of repairing damage beyond normal wear and tear. Routine cleaning and ordinary wear — worn carpet, minor scuffs, fading paint — usually can't be charged. Many states require the landlord to give you an itemized statement listing each deduction.

What happens if my landlord keeps my deposit illegally?

Most states let you sue for the wrongfully withheld amount, and several add a penalty — often two to three times the deposit — when the landlord acted in bad faith or ignored the deadline. Your state's section above shows whether a multiplier or extra damages apply where you live.

Is there a limit on how much a landlord can charge for a deposit?

Some states cap the deposit at one to two months' rent, while others set no statutory limit at all. Several states have lowered their caps in recent years. See your state's row in the table above for its specific cap, if any, and the statute that sets it.

Do I get interest on my security deposit?

In some states and cities, landlords must hold deposits in a separate account and pay you interest, particularly on longer tenancies. Most states don't require interest at all. Your state's section above notes whether separate-account or interest rules apply to your deposit.

State-by-state details

Alabama

Primary statute: Ala. Code § 35-9A-201 — Security Deposits

Alabama regulates security deposits under the Residential Landlord and Tenant Act:

Maximum deposit: 1 month's rent
Landlords must return the deposit within 60 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized list of deductions must be provided
If the landlord fails to comply, the tenant can recover up to 2x the withheld amount

Alaska

Primary statute: Alaska Security Deposits — Alaska Stat. § 34.03.070

Alaska has detailed security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules protecting tenants:

Maximum deposit is 2 months' rent (unless monthly rent exceeds $2,000)
Landlords must return the deposit within 14 days if the tenant provides a forwarding address, or 30 days otherwise
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord wrongfully withholds the deposit, the tenant may recover up to twice the amount wrongfully withheld
Deposits must be held in a trust account or surety bond in some cases

Arizona

Primary statute: A.R.S. § 33-1321

Arizona has specific security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. regulations under the ARLTA:

Maximum deposit: 1.5 months' rent
Deposits may also include a nonrefundable fee for cleaning or redecorating, but it must be clearly designated as nonrefundable in writing
Landlords must return the deposit within 14 business days after the tenant moves out and the landlord receives the tenant's forwarding address
An itemized list of deductions must be provided if any portion is withheld
Allowed deductions: unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear and tear, cleaning costs (if not already covered by a nonrefundable fee)
If the landlord wrongfully withholds the deposit, the tenant may recover up to 2x the amount wrongfully withheld

Arkansas

Primary statute: Arkansas Security Deposit Return, Ark. Code § 18-16-305

Arkansas has basic security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

Maximum deposit is 2 months' rent
Landlords must return the deposit within 60 days of lease termination
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide an itemization, the tenant may be entitled to penalties
Arkansas does not require deposits to be held in a separate account or to accrue interest

California

Primary statute: Cal. Civ. Code § 1950.5

1-month cap, 21-day return, receipts required for any deduction over $125, and up to 2× statutory damages for bad-faith retention — plus AB 2801 photo documentation after April 1, 2025.

Full California guide →

Colorado

Primary statute: C.R.S. § 38-12-103

Colorado regulates security deposits with strong tenant protections:

Maximum deposit: no statutory maximum for security deposits in Colorado (though some local ordinances may apply)
Landlords are not required to hold the deposit in a separate account, but must maintain records
Deposit must be returned within 30 days after the tenant moves out (or up to 60 days if specified in the lease)
An itemized written statement of deductions must be provided
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide a statement within the deadline, the landlord forfeits the right to withhold any portion and may owe treble damages (3x the withheld amount)
Allowed deductions: unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear and tear, cleaning necessary to restore the unit to move-in condition
Landlords cannot charge for normal wear and tear

Connecticut

Primary statute: CGS § 47a-21 — Security deposit rules

Connecticut has strong security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

Maximum deposit is 2 months' rent (1 month for tenants 62 and older)
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of move-out, or 15 days after receiving tenant's forwarding address (whichever is later)
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
Deposits must be held in an escrow account at a Connecticut bank and tenants must be notified of the bank name and address
If the landlord fails to comply, the tenant may recover double the deposit amount

Delaware

Primary statute: Delaware Security Deposit Law, 25 Del. C. § 5514

Delaware has detailed security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent for leases of one year or more; no limit for shorter leases
Landlords must return the deposit within 20 days of lease termination
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide a statement within 20 days, the tenant may recover double the deposit
Deposits must be held in a federally insured institution in Delaware

District of Columbia

Primary statute: D.C. Security Deposit Requirements, D.C. Code § 42-3502.17

D.C. has strong security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

Maximum deposit: 1 month's rent.
Return deadline: 45 days after move-out.
Interest required: Landlords must pay interest on security deposits at the rate set by the D.C. Rental Housing Commission.
Itemized statement required: Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions within 45 days. If no statement is provided, the entire deposit must be returned.
Receipts required: Landlords must provide a receipt when they collect the deposit.
Penalties: Landlords who fail to comply with deposit requirements may be liable for treble (3x) damages.

Florida

Primary statute: Fla. Stat. § 83.49

Florida forfeits the landlord's entire claim if they miss the 30-day certified-mail notice — and § 83.49(3)(c) pays your attorney's fees if you win.

Full Florida guide →

Georgia

Primary statute: OCGA § 44-7-35

Full Georgia guide →

Hawaii

Primary statute: Hawaii Security Deposit Rules — HRS § 521-44

Hawaii has tenant-friendly security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

Landlords must return the deposit within 14 days of lease termination
Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent (unfurnished) or 2 months' rent (furnished)
Landlords must provide an itemized statement of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit within 14 days, the tenant may recover the full deposit plus statutory damages
Landlords must hold deposits in a trust account and disclose the location to the tenant

Idaho

Primary statute: Idaho Code § 6-321 — security deposit return (21–30 days) and itemization

Idaho security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules are relatively landlord-friendly:

Landlords must return the deposit within 21 days of lease termination, or up to 30 days if stated in the lease
There is no statutory maximum on security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amounts — landlords may charge whatever they deem appropriate
Landlords must provide an itemized statement of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide a statement, the tenant may sue for the deposit plus reasonable attorney fees
Idaho does not require landlords to hold deposits in a separate account or pay interest

Illinois

Primary statute: Chicago Municipal Code § 5-12-080(f) (Chicago); 765 ILCS 710/1 (statewide)

Chicago RLTO § 5-12-080(f) is strict liability — 2× deposit + interest + attorney's fees with no bad-faith requirement. Statewide 765 ILCS 710 requires proof of refusal or bad faith. Your letter should plead both.

Full Illinois guide →

Indiana

Primary statute: Indiana Code § 32-31-3-12 — security deposit return within 45 days

Indiana regulates security deposits under state landlord-tenant law:

Maximum deposit: no statutory maximum for security deposits in Indiana
Landlords are not required to hold the deposit in a separate account or pay interest
Deposit must be returned within 45 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized list of damages must be provided if any amount is withheld
Allowed deductions: unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear and tear, unpaid utility charges
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide a list of damages within 45 days, the tenant may recover the entire deposit plus attorney fees
Tenants must provide a forwarding address in writing

Iowa

Primary statute: Iowa Code § 562A.12 — Security Deposits

Iowa has clear security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

Maximum deposit is 2 months' rent
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord wrongfully withholds the deposit, the tenant may recover up to twice the amount wrongfully withheld
Deposits must be held in a bank or other federally insured institution

Kansas

Primary statute: K.S.A. § 58-2550 — Security Deposits (30-Day Return)

Kansas has specific security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent for unfurnished units, 1.5 months' rent for furnished units (plus pet deposit up to 1/2 month)
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide a statement within 30 days, the tenant may recover 1.5x the amount wrongfully withheld
Kansas does not require deposits to be held in a separate account

Kentucky

Primary statute: KRS § 383.580 — Security Deposits

Kentucky regulates security deposits under URLTA:

No statutory maximum on deposit amount
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days after the tenant moves out and provides a forwarding address
An itemized list of deductions must be provided
Deposits must be held in a separate account at a Kentucky financial institution
Landlord must disclose the location of the deposit in writing

Louisiana

Primary statute: Louisiana Security Deposit Law, La. R.S. § 9:3251 et seq.

Louisiana regulates security deposits under La. R.S. § 9:3251 et seq.:

No statutory maximum on deposit amount
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized list of deductions must be provided
If the landlord willfully fails to return the deposit, the tenant can recover the wrongfully retained amount plus the greater of $300 or twice the amount wrongfully withheld, plus attorney fees (amended 2019)

Maine

Primary statute: 14 M.R.S.A. § 6031 et seq. — security deposit requirements

Full Maine guide →

Maryland

Primary statute: Maryland Security Deposit Law, MD Code, Real Property § 8-203

Maryland has detailed security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. laws that protect tenants:

Maximum deposit: 2 months' rent
Landlords must hold the deposit in a Maryland financial institution in an escrow account
Landlords must provide a receipt and written notice of the tenant's right to be present at the move-out inspection
Tenants have the right to attend a move-out inspection
Deposit must be returned within 45 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized list of deductions with receipts or estimates must be provided
Landlords must pay simple interest on deposits at the rate of 3% per year (if deposit exceeds $50)
Failure to comply can result in the landlord owing up to 3x the withheld amount plus attorney fees

Massachusetts

Primary statute: Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 186, § 15B

Massachusetts has some of the strictest security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. laws in the country:

Maximum deposit: first month's rent, last month's rent, a security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. equal to one month's rent, and the cost of a new lock and key — no more
The security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. cannot exceed one month's rent
Landlords must hold the deposit in a separate, interest-bearing escrow account at a Massachusetts bank
Landlords must provide a receipt and a statement of the account's location within 30 days
Interest must be paid to the tenant annually or deducted from rent
Deposit must be returned within 30 days of move-out with an itemized list of any deductions
Failure to comply with any requirement can result in the landlord owing treble damages (3x the deposit) plus attorney fees

Michigan

Primary statute: MCL § 554.613 (Security Deposit Act — 45-day suit deadline + double damages)

Michigan gives landlords 30 days to send an itemized list and 45 days to sue — miss either and you recover double the amount retained under MCL § 554.613(2).

Full Michigan guide →

Minnesota

Primary statute: Minn. Stat. § 504B.178

Minnesota has strong security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

No statutory maximum on security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amount
Landlords must return the deposit within 21 days after the tenant moves out (one of the shortest in the nation)
An itemized list of deductions must be provided
Deposits must be held in a financial institution and interest must be paid to the tenant at a rate of 1% per year (or the rate earned, whichever is less)
If the landlord wrongfully withholds the deposit, the tenant can recover twice the amount wrongfully withheld plus $500 in punitive damages for bad faith retention

Mississippi

Primary statute: Miss. Code Ann. § 89-8-21 — security deposit return requirements

Mississippi has minimal security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. regulation:

There is no statutory maximum on security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amounts
Landlords must return the deposit within 45 days of lease termination
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
Mississippi does not require deposits to be held in a separate account or accrue interest
If the landlord fails to return the deposit, the tenant can sue in small claims courtA simplified court for money disputes below a state-set dollar limit (usually $5,000 to $25,000). Lawyers are often barred or optional, and hearings are designed for people representing themselves.

Missouri

Primary statute: Missouri Security Deposit Requirements and Remedies, RSMo § 535.300

Missouri regulates security deposits under state landlord-tenant law:

Maximum deposit: 2 months' rent
Landlords are not required to hold the deposit in a separate account or pay interest
Deposit must be returned within 30 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized list of deductions must be provided if any amount is withheld
Allowed deductions: unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear and tear
If the landlord wrongfully withholds the deposit, the tenant may recover up to 2x the amount wrongfully withheld
Tenants must provide a forwarding address in writing to receive the deposit

Montana

Primary statute: Mont. Code Ann. § 70-25-202 — security deposit return (30 days / 10 days if no deductions)

Montana has security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules that favor timely returns:

Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination, or 10 days if there are no deductions
There is no statutory maximum on security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amounts in Montana
Landlords must provide a written, itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide a statement within the required time, the tenant may recover the full deposit
Montana does not require landlords to hold deposits in a separate account or pay interest

Nebraska

Primary statute: Neb. Rev. Stat. § 76-1416 — Security Deposit Limits and Return (14 Days)

Nebraska has strong security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections with one of the shortest return timelines in the country:

Landlords must return the deposit within 14 days of lease termination and tenant move-out
Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent — no additional pet deposits allowed above this cap
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions with the returned deposit
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide a statement within 14 days, the tenant may recover the full deposit amount
Deposits must be held in a separate account (though not necessarily an escrow account)

Nevada

Primary statute: NRS 118A.242 — Security Deposits

Nevada has specific security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

Maximum deposit is 3 months' rent
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination
Landlords must provide an itemized statement of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit within 30 days, the tenant may recover the full deposit amount
Nevada does not require deposits to accrue interest

New Hampshire

Primary statute: RSA 540-A:6 — NH security deposit limits (1 month's rent or $100)

New Hampshire has clear security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination
Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent or $100, whichever is greater
Landlords must provide an itemized list of damages and deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide a statement, the tenant may recover double the deposit amount
Deposits must be held in a separate account at a New Hampshire bank or savings institution
Landlords must provide written notice of the deposit location

New Jersey

Primary statute: N.J.S.A. 46:8-21.1

New Jersey requires return within 30 days and mandatory double damages plus attorney fees — courts have no discretion to reduce the penalty.

Full New Jersey guide →

New Mexico

Primary statute: NMSA § 47-8-18 — security deposit rules (1-month cap, 30-day return)

New Mexico has clear security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent for leases under 1 year; no limit for longer leases
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit, the tenant may sue and recover the deposit amount
New Mexico does not require deposits to accrue interest

New York

Primary statute: N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 7-108(1-a)

New York forfeits the entire deposit to the tenant under GOL § 7-108(1-a)(g) if the landlord misses the 14-day return + itemized statement — and RPL § 234 shifts attorney's fees.

Full New York guide →

North Carolina

Primary statute: N.C. Gen. Stat. § 42-52

North Carolina's Tenant Security Deposit Act caps deposits at 1.5–2 months' rent and forces full forfeiture of the landlord's claim if they miss the 30-day itemization deadline.

Full North Carolina guide →

North Dakota

Primary statute: N.D. Cent. Code § 47-16-07.1 — Security Deposits

North Dakota has specific security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent (or 2 months' rent if the tenant poses a risk to the property — requires written explanation)
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit within 30 days, the tenant may be entitled to the full deposit
North Dakota does not require deposits to accrue interest

Ohio

Primary statute: Ohio Rev. Code § 5321.16

Ohio's deposit statute requires a written forwarding address as a condition precedent — deliver it by certified mail the day keys return, or you forfeit the double-damages-plus-fees remedy.

Full Ohio guide →

Oklahoma

Primary statute: Oklahoma Security Deposits, 41 Okl. St. § 115

Oklahoma regulates security deposits under the Residential Landlord and Tenant Act:

No statutory maximum on deposit amount
Landlords must return the deposit within 45 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized list of deductions must be provided
If the landlord fails to comply, the tenant can recover up to 2x the withheld amount plus attorney fees

Oregon

Primary statute: ORS § 90.300

Oregon has strong security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

No statutory maximum on deposit amount
Landlords must return the deposit within 31 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized list of deductions with receipts or estimates must be provided
If the landlord fails to comply, the tenant can recover up to 2x the withheld amount
Landlords must provide a written statement at the start of tenancy explaining the deposit requirements

Pennsylvania

Primary statute: 68 P.S. § 250.512

Pennsylvania doubles only the wrongfully withheld portion — and only if you gave your landlord a written forwarding address at move-out. Your letter must lock that proof in first.

Full Pennsylvania guide →

Rhode Island

Primary statute: R.I. Gen. Laws § 34-18-19 — security deposit rules and return requirements

Rhode Island has strong security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent
Landlords must return the deposit within 20 days of move-out
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit within 20 days, the tenant may recover double the amount wrongfully withheld
Rhode Island does not require deposits to be held in a separate account or accrue interest

South Carolina

Primary statute: S.C. Code § 27-40-410 — Security Deposits

South Carolina regulates security deposits under the Residential Landlord and Tenant Act:

No statutory maximum on deposit amount
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized list of deductions must be provided
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide an itemized list, the tenant may recover up to 3x the withheld amount plus attorney fees

South Dakota

Primary statute: SDCL § 43-32-6.1 — Security Deposits

South Dakota has basic security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

Maximum deposit is 1 month's rent (unless special conditions warrant a higher deposit, with written justification)
Landlords must return the deposit within 2 weeks (14 days) of lease termination and receipt of forwarding address
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit within the time frame, the tenant may recover the deposit plus penalties
South Dakota does not require deposits to accrue interest

Tennessee

Primary statute: TCA § 66-28-301 — Security Deposit Requirements

Tennessee regulates security deposits under the Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act:

Maximum deposit: no statutory maximum for security deposits in Tennessee
Landlords must hold the deposit in an account at a Tennessee banking institution
Deposit must be returned within 30 days after the tenant moves out (or within 10 days if the landlord is the sole owner of 25 or fewer units)
An itemized written list of damages must be provided if any amount is withheld
Allowed deductions: unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear and tear
If the landlord wrongfully withholds the deposit, the tenant may recover the deposit plus a penalty
Tenants must provide a forwarding address in writing to receive the deposit

Texas

Primary statute: Tex. Prop. Code § 92.103

Texas requires deposit return within 30 days of forwarding-address delivery — bad-faith withholding triggers $100 + 3× the wrongfully withheld amount + attorney fees, plus total forfeiture under § 92.109(b) if no itemized list is sent.

Full Texas guide →

Utah

Primary statute: Utah Security Deposit Requirements — Utah Code § 57-17-3

Utah has basic security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

There is no statutory maximum on security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amounts
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination (or 15 days if no deductions)
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide an itemization, the tenant may recover the deposit plus $100 in damages
Utah does not require deposits to be held in a separate account or accrue interest

Vermont

Primary statute: 9 V.S.A. § 4461 — Vermont security deposit requirements and return

Vermont has strong security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. protections:

There is no statutory maximum on security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amounts (though excessive deposits may be challenged)
Landlords must return the deposit within 14 days of move-out
Landlords must provide an itemized statement of deductions
If the landlord fails to return the deposit within 14 days, the tenant may recover the deposit plus damages
Vermont requires landlords to hold deposits in escrow accounts

Virginia

Primary statute: Va. Code § 55.1-1226(A) (45-day return + written itemization)

Virginia gives landlords 45 days to return the deposit with a written itemization (Va. Code § 55.1-1226(A)) — a bare check without itemization is statutorily defective.

Full Virginia guide →

Washington

Primary statute: RCW 59.18.280

Washington has detailed security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules under the RLTA:

Washington does not set a maximum security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amount (it is negotiable), but deposits must be reasonable
Landlords must provide a written checklist of the property's condition at move-in AND move-out
Deposits must be held in a trust account at a Washington bank or with a licensed escrow agent, and tenants must be notified of the account location
Landlords must return the deposit within 21 days after the tenant moves out
A written, itemized statement of deductions must be provided if any portion is withheld
If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide an itemized list within 21 days, the landlord is liable for the full deposit amount (the tenant may recover up to 2x the deposit in court)

West Virginia

Primary statute: W. Va. Code § 37-6A-1 et seq. — Security deposit requirements

West Virginia has one of the longest security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. return periods in the nation:

Landlords must return the deposit within 60 days after lease termination and move-out
There is no statutory maximum on security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amounts in West Virginia
Landlords must provide a written itemized statement of deductions
If the landlord wrongfully withholds the deposit, tenants may recover the deposit plus damages in court
West Virginia does not require landlords to hold deposits in a separate account or pay interest

Wisconsin

Primary statute: Wis. Stat. § 704.28 — Security Deposit Return

Wisconsin has detailed security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. regulations under the state's ATCP (Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection) rules:

Maximum deposit: no statutory maximum for security deposits in Wisconsin
Landlords are not required to hold the deposit in a separate account, but must keep records
Deposit must be returned within 21 days after the tenant moves out
An itemized statement of deductions must be provided if any amount is withheld
Landlords must conduct a move-in and move-out check-in sheet (ATCP 134.06) — failure to do so limits the landlord's ability to claim deductions
Allowed deductions: unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear and tear (as documented)
If the landlord fails to comply, the tenant may recover double the amount wrongfully withheld

Wyoming

Primary statute: Wyo. Stat. § 34-2-129 — security deposit return (30 days) and itemization

Wyoming has basic security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. rules:

There is no statutory maximum on security depositMoney you pay at the start of a lease that the landlord holds to cover unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. Most states cap the amount and require the landlord to return it (with an itemized list of any deductions) within a set number of days after you move out. amounts
Landlords must return the deposit within 30 days of lease termination (or within 15 days of receiving the tenant's forwarding address, whichever is later, but no later than 30 days after termination)
Landlords must provide an itemized list of deductions
Wyoming does not require deposits to be held in a separate account or accrue interest
Tenants can sue for wrongful withholding of the deposit

Security Deposits by State

Every state has its own thresholds and procedures. Pick yours to see your state's exact rules, statutes, and local specifics.

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