Working Hours and Overtime in Maharashtra
Reviewed by the Commoner Law Editorial Team. Sourced from Indian central (Union) law — Constitution of India, central Acts of Parliament, and Supreme Court decisions. State-level information reflects each state's own Acts and High Court rulings. Written in plain language for general understanding — this is educational content, not legal advice. Our editorial standards
What is this right?
Central law caps daily and weekly working hours for workers in factories and, under the new codes, for establishments more broadly.
- Factories: Maximum 9 hours per day and 48 hours per week (s. 51, 54, Factories Act). A spread-over (start to finish) cannot exceed 10.5 hours without permission.
- Overtime: Any work beyond 9 hours/day or 48 hours/week must be paid at twice the ordinary wage rate (s. 59, Factories Act; s. 14, Code on Wages).
- Rest intervals: Workers cannot work more than 5 continuous hours without a half-hour rest break (s. 55, Factories Act).
- Weekly holiday: Every worker is entitled to one whole day of rest per week (s. 52).
- Shops and offices are governed by state Shops and Establishments Acts, which broadly mirror the factory limits (typically 8–9 hours/day, 48 hours/week, one weekly off).
When does it apply?
- You work in a factory as defined under the Factories Act (10 or more workers with power, or 20 without).
- You work in a commercial establishment, shop, or office covered by the applicable state Shops and Establishments Act.
- You are required to work beyond the prescribed daily or weekly hours.
What to Do If Your Employer in India Denies Overtime Pay
- Keep a personal record of your daily start and end times and any overtime worked.
- Your employer is required by law to maintain a register of working hours (Form 12 under Factories Rules) — you may request to inspect it.
- If overtime is not paid at double rate, file a complaint with the Inspector of Factories (for factory workers) or the Labour Inspector / Inspector-cum-Facilitator under the Code on Wages.
- Claims for underpaid overtime wages can be filed before the Authority under the Code on Wages within three years.
What should you NOT do?
- Do not agree in writing to waive overtime pay — such clauses are void against statutory provisions.
- Do not work more than 75 hours of overtime per quarter (s. 64, Factories Act) without specific government permission — excess overtime is illegal and poses safety risks.
- Do not assume that a salary package includes all overtime — overtime must be paid separately at the statutory double rate.
How Maharashtra differs from central law
In Maharashtra, working hours for employees in shops and commercial establishments are governed by the Maharashtra Shops and Establishments (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 2017. This Act replaced the older Bombay Shops and Establishments Act, 1948.
Under the 2017 Act, no employee can be required to work more than 9 hours in a day or 48 hours in a week. Employees are entitled to a rest interval of at least 30 minutes after 5 hours of continuous work. Every employee must receive at least one day off per week. If employees work on their weekly off, they must be given a compensatory day off within the same month.
For overtime, employees must be paid at twice the ordinary rate of wages. The Act also provides that women can work during night shifts (between 9:30 PM and 7 AM) provided the employer ensures adequate safety measures and transportation. Maharashtra was among the first states to allow women to work night shifts in shops and establishments with these safeguards.
Additional Steps in Maharashtra
If your employer violates working-hour rules, file a complaint with the Inspector appointed under the Maharashtra Shops and Establishments Act, 2017 at your local municipal corporation office. You can also approach the Labour Commissioner's office in your district.
Relevant Law: Maharashtra Shops and Establishments (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 2017, Sections 10-14
Common Questions
When does working hours and overtime apply?
You work in a factory as defined under the Factories Act (10 or more workers with power, or 20 without).You work in a commercial establishment, shop, or office covered by the applicable state Shops and Establishments Act.You are required to work beyond the prescribed daily or weekly hours.
What should I do if my employer in India is not paying me for overtime?
Keep a personal record of your daily start and end times and any overtime worked.Your employer is required by law to maintain a register of working hours (Form 12 under Factories Rules) — you may request to inspect it.If overtime is not paid at double rate, file a complaint with the Inspector of Factories (for factory workers) or the Labour Inspector / Inspector-cum-Facilitator under the Code on Wages.Claims for underpaid overtime wages can be filed before the Authority under the Code on Wages within three years.
What mistakes should I avoid with working hours and overtime?
Do not agree in writing to waive overtime pay — such clauses are void against statutory provisions.Do not work more than 75 hours of overtime per quarter (s. 64, Factories Act) without specific government permission — excess overtime is illegal and poses safety risks.Do not assume that a salary package includes all overtime — overtime must be paid separately at the statutory double rate.
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