Child Custody (Hadana)

Source: Royal Decree No. 32/97 (Personal Status Law), as amended, Articles 125-145

Written in plain language for general understanding. This is educational content, not legal advice. Based on Omani royal decrees, ministerial decisions, and the Basic Statute of the State.

Omani National Law

What is this right?

Oman's Personal Status Law governs child custody (hadana) after divorce:

  • Mother's priority: The mother generally has first right to custody of young children. If the mother cannot serve, custody passes to the maternal grandmother, then to the father.
  • Custody age: The mother typically retains custody until the child reaches a specified age — usually around 7 for boys and 9-10 for girls — after which the court may reassess based on the child's best interests.
  • Best interests of the child: The court always considers what arrangement best serves the child's welfare, including housing, education, and emotional stability.
  • Visitation: The non-custodial parent has a right to visitation. The court sets a visitation schedule if the parents cannot agree.
  • Loss of custody: A custodial parent may lose custody if they remarry someone unrelated to the child, neglect the child, or move abroad without court permission.

When does it apply?

  • You are divorcing and have minor children — custody must be decided.
  • You are the non-custodial parent and want regular visitation.
  • You believe the custodial parent is neglecting the child or violating the custody order.

What should you do?

  • File a custody claim at the Sharia court during or after divorce proceedings.
  • Provide evidence that your proposed arrangement serves the child's best interests (stable home, school proximity, family support).
  • If the other parent violates the custody or visitation order, report it to the court — enforcement is available.
  • Seek mediation before litigation if possible — the court encourages amicable arrangements.

What should you NOT do?

  • Do not take the child out of Oman without court permission — this can be treated as child abduction.
  • Do not deny the other parent visitation without a court order — this can lead to loss of custody.
  • Do not use the child as a bargaining chip in financial negotiations — courts view this negatively.

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