Rights of Juveniles in the Justice System

Source: Law No. 4 of 2021 (Restorative Justice for Children and Their Protection from Mistreatment); Law No. 37 of 2012 (Child Law)

Written in plain language for general understanding. This is educational content, not legal advice. Based on Bahraini national legislation, decree-laws, and ministerial orders.

Bahraini National Law

What is this right?

Bahrain has a specialized system for handling juveniles (under 18) who come into contact with the law:

  • Age of criminal responsibility: Children under 15 years old cannot be held criminally responsible. Rehabilitation measures apply instead of punishment.
  • Restorative justice: Law No. 4 of 2021 prioritises restorative justice — mediation, community service, and rehabilitation over imprisonment for juveniles.
  • Separate facilities: Juveniles must be detained separately from adults in specialised juvenile facilities.
  • Parental notification: Parents or guardians must be notified immediately when a child is arrested.
  • Mandatory legal representation: A juvenile must have a lawyer present during all questioning and court proceedings.
  • Privacy: Juvenile proceedings are confidential — names and details cannot be published.

When does it apply?

  • A person under 18 years old has been arrested or accused of a crime.
  • A child under 15 is being treated as criminally responsible (this would be unlawful).
  • A juvenile is being held in an adult detention facility.

What should you do?

  • Inform the authorities of the juvenile's age and provide identification if possible.
  • Ensure parents or guardians are notified immediately.
  • Request a lawyer — representation is mandatory for juveniles.
  • If the juvenile is held with adults, report this immediately to the lawyer, prosecutor, or child protection authorities.

What should you NOT do?

  • Do not allow the juvenile to be questioned without a lawyer and parent or guardian present.
  • Do not accept adult criminal procedures for anyone under 18 — juvenile rules apply.
  • Do not share the juvenile's identity publicly — their privacy is protected by law.

You came here to know your rights — help someone else know theirs.

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